Case Study · Banking & Payments

Ranked ATM sites, before the first field visit.

One of India's largest white-label ATM operators replaced district-wide scouting with a scored shortlist of specific locations. Validated across two pilot markets, then scaled into the wider network.

White-label ATM operator
Semi-urban & rural India
District-level rollout
Ranked ATM site map
70%
Model accuracy
Blind back-test against live ATM performance, before a single new machine was placed.
<2%
Of the district to scout
Roughly 125 priority zones surfaced from ~8,900 microgrids per district.
50%+
Shortlist-to-viable
Standard agreed before work began, judged by the operator's own field teams.
50 District
Pilot to rollout
Proven in two markets, then extended across the district programme.

The situation

ATM economics turn on a few hundred metres. A machine placed beside a mandi clears its transaction threshold; the same machine on the wrong side of the same market does not.

This operator was expanding into semi-urban and rural India, where the transaction case is strongest and reliable data is thinnest. Site selection was entirely field-led: sales teams chose where to look, scouted, and reported back. Headquarters saw a site only after a week of searching had already been spent on it.

Field-led site selection

What was holding expansion back

Four constraints, none of them about effort.

Direction set in the field
01

Direction set in the field

Teams chose the search area. Leadership reviewed the choice only after scouting was complete.

No way to rank markets
02

No way to rank markets

Every district received equal effort, over-investing in thin markets and under-serving dense ones.

Velocity tied to headcount
03

Velocity tied to headcount

Doubling deployments meant doubling the scouting team. Growth scaled linearly with cost.

Sites were not comparable
04

Sites weren't comparable

Assessment varied by scout. Without a shared score, site quality could not be audited.

Why a footfall map isn't enough

Three factors decide ATM viability that a footfall model does not capture. Each was built into the scoring.

Footfall is not cash demand

Footfall is not cash demand

A garment showroom and a mandi can draw identical foot traffic. One settles on UPI, the other in notes. The model weights cash behaviour, not people.

Adjacent sites split one market

Adjacent sites split one market

Two machines sharing a catchment do not earn double; they divide it, and both can fall below threshold. Proximity is scored as a penalty.

Servicing has to be possible

Servicing has to be possible

A high-demand anchor is unusable if the final approach is a footpath. Road access is applied as a multiplier that can zero out an otherwise strong site.

From a whole district to a working shortlist

Every district is reduced in four steps. Field teams receive the last column.

~8,900
microgrids
The full district, divided into 0.7 sq km cells and scored on demand, infrastructure and competition.
Anchors
identified & weighted
Mandis, transit hubs, factories, gold-loan and microfinance branches, each weighted by the cash it generates.
Exclusions
applied
Sites near existing ATMs, the operator's own included, are penalised or removed to prevent cannibalisation.
~125
priority zones · ~300 anchors
A graded shortlist of specific locations, each with the reason it ranked. Under 2% of the district.
District reduced to a shortlist

Not every anchor generates cash

Each category is weighted by how much physical cash it actually moves.

Mandi · APMC · haat
Captive cash
Railway station · bus stand
Captive cash
Factory · industrial estate
Captive cash
Microfinance · gold loan · NBFC
Captive cash
Cooperative bank
Captive cash
Hospital · primary health centre
Institutional
Tractor · farm equipment dealer
Institutional
Garment retail · restaurants
Digitised
Bank branch · existing white-label ATM
Competitor
Anchor categories mapped
Anchor weighting across a district

Existing ATMs reduce the score, sharply

Machines already inside a 300-metre catchment are treated as a direct claim on the same demand.

100%
No ATM within 300m. Uncontested catchment.
70%
One ATM within 300m. Market is shared.
●●
40%
Two ATMs within 300m. Heavy crowding.
●●●
20%
Three or more. Saturated, treated as unviable.

Anything within 150 metres of a PSU ATM or 300 metres of a private one is excluded outright, including the operator's own machines, so the model cannot recommend cannibalising an existing site.

What each team received

One output per role. No new system to adopt.

A ranked district map
Leadership

A ranked district map

Which markets to prioritise, which to hold, and how deployment capacity should be allocated, decided at HQ before scouts are dispatched.

A graded shortlist
Regional & sales

A graded shortlist

Named locations with coordinates and a score band, each carrying the reason it ranked: transit hub, dense commerce, industrial payroll.

A validation list
Field

A validation list

Sites reviewable against satellite imagery and surrounding conditions before travel. The task shifts from finding candidates to confirming them.

How the workflow changed

Before
Sales selected the search area; HQ reviewed after the fact
Scouts surveyed whole districts to find viable sites
Site quality varied by individual assessment
Leadership tracked outcomes but could not direct inputs
Higher deployment required higher headcount
After
HQ directs teams to ranked priority zones ahead of deployment
Scouts validate a shortlist rather than searching blind
Every site carries a transparent score and stated rationale
Coverage is assignable, trackable and auditable by region
Deployment velocity decoupled from headcount

How it was proven

Before any new machine was placed, the model was back-tested against the operator's existing ATMs in live markets. It matched real-world performance in roughly seven out of ten cases, working from public signals alone, with no access to transaction data.

Two markets ran as a controlled pilot. Once the shortlists held up against field judgement, the approach was extended into the wider district programme.

As anonymised transaction data is layered in, model accuracy is expected to move into the 80 to 85% range.

How the engagement was held to account

01

"Viable" was defined by the client, in advance. The operator's field teams set the standard for what counts as deployable, not EPIC.

02

The baseline was captured first. Existing scouting productivity was measured before any shortlist was issued, so improvement is a measured delta.

03

Scoring is transparent, not black-box. Every recommendation carries its rationale, so field teams can challenge it on the ground.

"Finding sites in an area is a wild goose chase. Instead of going everywhere, this is like having a sniper rifle and a target list. Now we just need to shoot correctly."
The operator's leadership team, reviewing an area-level model

Area scores narrow the search. They do not place a machine. What the field team receives is the anchor: a specific location with a defined catchment, a competition penalty and a serviceability score attached.

Run this on one of your districts.

Choose a district you know well. We will score it, share the shortlist, and you can tell us where the model is wrong.

Set up a workshop